Pediatrics Rehabilitation Exam 2 Practice

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• Unable to walk independently until ___ months in Duchenne muscular dystrophy development?
• Climbing up and down stairs is a milestone seen in which Winder stage?
• Which term from the Down syndrome priorities refers to maintaining stability around the trunk?
• Spina bifida with lesion at L1 or lower typically presents with which bladder type?
• Strabismus is commonly seen in patients with spina bifida.
• On which days do the cranial end and the caudal end of the neural tube close, respectively?
• The stoplight program in pediatric rehabilitation focuses on identifying delays and possible interventions by measuring which parameters?
• The GAS, PEGS, and COPM are outcome measures for what part of the ICF chart in kids with DCD?
• For students with stage 5 spina bifida, which is promoted to support school participation?
• Which activity is not recommended for Duchenne muscular dystrophy rehabilitation?
• Which statement accurately describes the effect of folic acid on spina bifida risk?
• Which pair are core features of autism spectrum disorder?
• Which motor level function includes hip flexors, adductors, knee extensors, ankle plantarflexors, toe extension, and toe flexion?
• In long sitting, children with Down syndrome have delayed which PER response and absent which PERs?
• The typical age for transition to electric wheelchair in DMD is around?
• Which motor level function would likely require less reliance on upper extremities and may use an AFO?
• What is stimulus identification in motor planning?
• What is hydromyelia?
• Age of death after 15 for kids with DMD increases by one year for each year of ambulation after ___ years
• TFL tightness in Down syndrome is often associated with which leg position?
• Which stage immediately follows Stage 1 in Winder's development?
• What is the average hemoglobin level for children?
• To eliminate any remaining cancer, patients continue to receive higher doses of chemo during which phase?
• Upper-extremity involvement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy typically lags behind lower-extremity involvement by how many years?
• What motor level function corresponds to 'No LE function, use UEs for all mobility'?
• Which maternal age range is associated with an increased risk of spina bifida?
• What is the recommended daily stander usage to maintain ankle dorsiflexion while avoiding delaying ambulation?
• Scoliosis onset in Duchenne typically coincides with which event?
• What FMS level is described as uses one or two walking sticks without help from another
• Which statement best describes Level 3 autism?
• Prognosis for rhabdomyosarcoma is better in younger or older children?
• We should not exercise a patient if their platelets are under what?
• Vincristine is most commonly associated with which type of toxicity?
• Adductors are typically associated with what myotome?
• Steroids in DMD prolong ambulation by about how long?
• Which of the following is a sign associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy related to muscle size?
• What is the typical treatment approach for pediatric ventricular septal defect depending on pulmonary hypertension severity?
• Which description best captures multi-sensory defensiveness?
• In managing stage 4 spina bifida, which goal is emphasized?
• In individuals with spina bifida, the pattern of muscle tone is typically:
• What spinal posture is commonly observed in children with Down syndrome?
• For stage 3 spina bifida management, which strengthening targets are emphasized?
• In a top-down approach in kids with DCD, what would we focus on?
• In the context of behavioral management for Down syndrome, ABC stands for what?
• Tactile-proprioceptive dysfunction includes which features?
• What FMS level is this? Independent on all surfaces
• Which protein is tested for in maternal serum testing for fetal anomalies?
• The MABC-2 checklist or SFA is used in kids with what diagnosis?
• Stage 5 spina bifida is characterized by being ambulatory during what period?
• Which motor level function has hip flexors, adductors, knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, and ankle plantarflexors, with toe extension and toe flexion?
• The onset of symptoms for DCD is typically in the _____ developmental period
• Which statement best describes endurance demands during activities for children with Down syndrome?
• For a 2-month-old with club foot needing intervention, which is the recommended initial approach?
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited in which pattern, and which sex is most commonly affected?
• Which statement correctly describes the neural tube development timeline?
• Which statement best describes hydromyelia?
• Which statement about chemotherapy and Down syndrome-associated leukemia is true according to the material?
• Which first-trimester condition increases the risk of spina bifida?
• Normal exercise is possible if hemoglobin is greater than which value?
• Resistive exercise may be performed if platelets exceed which threshold?
• Which of the following is a clinical sign PTs would look for in Chiari II malformation?
• Which of the following best describes our management role in Stage 1 spina bifida?
• Winder's Stage 5 corresponds to which age range?
• Platelets of 22,000 would permit which form of exercise?
• Pectus _____ and an umbilical hernia are sometimes seen in Down Syndrome.
• Which statement describes CK levels in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Which factor contributes to DS learning requiring more practice?
• What are the two specific problems that occur under vestibulo-proprioceptive dysfunction?
• T/F: L3-L4 motor levels often can crawl, come to stand, and walk with deviations
• Slightly over 50% of children with Down syndrome have which spinal finding?
• T/F: Children with Down syndrome have a collagen deficit.
• Which stage includes rolling and related early mobility milestones in Winder's model?
• Are myelomeningocele, myelodysplasia, spina bifida cystica, and spina bifida synonyms?
• Wilm's tumor is a tumor of which organ in children under age 6?
• Which statement describes the in-class management focus for stage 5 spina bifida in terms of function?
• Which statement best describes the Movement Assessment Battery for Children when used with children who have autism?
• What FMS level is described as uses crutches without help from another person
• By 6 months, what signs might indicate autism?
• If hemoglobin is in the range 8-10 g/dL, what level of exercise is recommended?
• Chiari II malformation involves elongation of the brainstem and cerebellum through which opening?
• Wilm's tumor is also known as what?
• Which statement best describes protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through a vertebral opening?
• What three stages are needed to activate memory and attention in kids with DCD?
• What might an under-reactive vestibulo-proprioceptive dysfunction look like?
• By around age 10, Duchenne patients typically exhibit which of the following symptom combinations?
• What is response programming in motor planning?
• Which combination of criteria is typical prerequisites for serial casting in a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Which statement best describes the overall sensory profile discussed for these conditions?
• What is the long-term prognosis after patent ductus arteriosus treatment if it resolves spontaneously or is corrected?
• In prop sitting for Down syndrome, at which spinal level is lumbar control most effectively targeted with moderate assist?
• Which symptom would indicate atlantoaxial instability in a symptomatic child with Down syndrome?
• Which prenatal diagnostic procedure involves extraction of a tiny amount of fetal tissue at 9-11 weeks to test for chromosome 21 (Down syndrome)?
• When is PUBS performed, with the greatest miscarriage risk?
• Which is NOT a coexisting condition in children with DCD?
• Hydrocephalus is a common associated problem in spina bifida. It occurs in about what proportion of cases?
• T/F: Motor skills significantly and persistently interfere with ADLs appropriate to chronological age in kids with DCD
• Which statements about Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are true?
• When does club foot typically require surgical correction?
• Chiari II malformation is characterized by which anatomical change and its consequence?
• Which statement about Down syndrome is true?
• Which conditions are associated with Down syndrome?
• Which motor level function has hip flexors and adductors, knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors; still needs AFO bracing but requires less UE support?
• Lower socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk of spina bifida.
• By 16 months, which symptom may be present?
• What is the Meryon/Slip through sign described in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Winder's Stage 1 corresponds to which age range?
• Which race has the highest incidence of spina bifida?
• In children with Down syndrome, which position is observed in weight-bearing at the feet?
• Brain atrophy in Down syndrome remains the same with age: True or False?
• Which assessment is specifically designated for motor skills assessment in children with autism and is used from age 3?
• Dyspraxia in autism is strongly correlated with impairments in which domains?
• Which statement accurately describes the number and an extra area in Winder's stages?
• Which stage is described as preambulatory?
• Winder's Stage 3 corresponds to which age range?
• Which condition is most likely to present with upper extremity weakness due to CSF buildup in the spinal cord's central canal?
• Which arrangement best describes the ring-sitting posture observed in a child with Down syndrome?
• Which platelet range permits light exercise but does not provide for resistive exercise?
• What is response selection in motor planning?
• Which of the following describes a classic sign related to gait and stairs in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Stage 4 of Winder's development is characterized by crawling, creeping, quadruped mobility, and transitions from standing to sitting. Which stage does this describe?
• Which statement best describes the prevalence of symptoms in atlantoaxial instability among children with Down syndrome?
• In long sitting, moderate assistance is needed to prevent loss of sitting at which spinal level?
• T/F: kids with DCD often have difficulty following 2-3 step commands
• When is maternal serum testing typically performed?
• Which test is most commonly used in the initial diagnostic assessment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• True or false: Running, climbing stairs, and jumping forward are all skills that not many children with Down syndrome will do on time.
• Which describes our management role in Stage 2 spina bifida?
• In a bottom-up approach in kids with DCD, what would we focus on?
• The MABC2, BOT2, TGMD3, or observation can be used to assess what part of the ICF in kids with DCD?
• Which statement is NOT a feature of dyspraxia?
• What motor level function has hip flexors and knee extensors and may need AFOs and AD vs HKAFOs and AD?
• Which approach emphasizes information processing and interaction of multiple systems in motor learning for DCD?
• The Physical and Neurological Assessment of Subtle Signs focuses on which primary area?
• Which statement is true about test usage in DCD for participation?
• Do we see high or low muscle tone in kids with DCD?
• What is the Physical and Neurological Assessment of Subtle Signs?
• What is the goal in the preambulatory stage of spina bifida?
• Light exercise is considered safe for patients whose platelets are in which range?
• Vincristine is associated with which of the following adverse effects?
• Which of the following is identified as a priority for infants with Down syndrome?
• In long sitting, which PER is delayed and which PERs are absent?
• Which motor level is commonly able to crawl, come to stand, and walk with deviations?
• Which psychosocial concern may be seen with a DCD diagnosis?
• A MABC-2 score at the 16th percentile indicates which level of motor difficulty?
• The stoplight program in pediatric cancer rehabilitation is defined as which of the following?
• Which criterion indicates impairment due to ASD symptoms?
• Which two eye-related symptoms are commonly seen in spina bifida?
• Rectus tightness in Down syndrome is associated with which posture?
• Which level of autism is defined as 'requiring very substantial support'?
• Winder's Stage 2 is associated with which age range?
• In spina bifida, which statement about genetics is most accurate?
• Which statement best describes sensory experiences in autism?
• DCD is best described as which type of problem?
• Children with Down syndrome are predisposed to leukemia, and have substantially higher survival rates and lower relapse rates.
• What is the key difference in tumor location between osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma?
• What is a hallmark sign of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the gastrocnemius?
• Which outcome measure is appropriate for assessing ambulatory function in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 3-6 years?
• Which statement best reflects internal processing deficits related to predictive control and sensory feedback in DCD?
• Which statement correctly links brain region involvement to hypotonia in Down syndrome?
• For 9-12-year-olds with DMD, how many hours should night splints/AFOs be worn?
• Ewing's sarcoma tends to involve which portion of long bones?
• The milestone 'Pull to stand' is associated with which Winder stage?
• For 9-12-year-olds with DMD, how many hours per day should night splints or AFOs be worn?
• The Walking Observation Scale and the Positional Pattern for Symmetry during Walking are used to gather data for which diagnosis?
• What walking timeline is typical for children with Down syndrome?
• What is considered the most accurate method to confirm Down syndrome after CVS or amniocentesis results?
• How are kids with ALL typically diagnosed?
• By 9 months, which finding may be present in a child with autism?
• Which pattern in maternal serum testing is associated with Down syndrome?
• In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, weakness is typically which of the following?
• Which level of autism is defined as 'requiring support'?
• Which factors are associated with an increased risk for spina bifida?
• True or false: Children with Down syndrome lack the ability to weight shift and balance.
• A patient with spina bifida presents with stridor, swallowing issues, gagging/aspiration, and vocal cord paralysis. These S/S suggest?
• Having cancer in childhood increases the risk for a second malignancy later in life. True or false?
• During prop sitting in children with Down syndrome, moderate assistance with cueing is needed at what level to facilitate anterior pelvic tilt and trunk extension?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical PT sign in Chiari II malformation?
• Which of the following factors increases the risk of spina bifida?
• By age 5, children with Down syndrome are commonly how many years behind peers?
• Are high-load resistance training and eccentric exercises recommended for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Many kids with DMD will need a wheelchair full-time by what age?
• DCD is more prevalent in which gender?
• What FMS level is described as uses a walker or frame without help from another person
• Which facial feature is described as a flattened nasal bridge in Down Syndrome?
• How often should range of motion be evaluated in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• A child with spina bifida presents with headache, vomiting, irritability, bulging fontanelles, new nystagmus, edema, redness, change in personality, and change in school performance. What are you concerned about?
• Rectus tightness in Down syndrome is associated with which postural condition?
• General exercise is generally avoided when WBC count falls below which value?
• Which statement about brain atrophy with age in Down syndrome is accurate?
• How many stages are in Winder's development, including one post-walking skills area?
• On which days do neural tube formation and neural tube closure occur, respectively?
• Dyspraxia is characterized by which combination?
• In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, lack of head control typically appears by what age?
• Stage 4 spina bifida management focuses on which aspect of balance?
• Neuroblastoma commonly arises in which site?
• Unable to stand from the supine position at ___ months in Duchenne muscular dystrophy development?
• Which statement about joint laxity in Down syndrome is true?
• Which statement about pretend or imaginative play in children with autism spectrum disorder is accurate?
• Which chemotherapy agent is commonly associated with foot drop and peripheral neuropathies?
• In 9-12-year-olds with DMD, which type of muscle training should be emphasized?
• In pediatric atrial septal defect cases, when is surgical correction typically anticipated?
• Which statement best describes the natural history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy regarding strength over time?
• Which palm feature is commonly associated with Down Syndrome?
• Approximately what proportion of children with Down syndrome have moderate hearing loss?
• In stage 4 spina bifida, which of the following is included to improve strength?
• Which Down Syndrome subtype results from the attachment of chromosome 21 to another chromosome such as 14, 21, or 22?
• Which behavior is an example of sensory self-stimulation commonly observed in Down syndrome?
• Which stage of Winder's development is characterized by head in midline, hands to midline, and neutral hip rotation?
• Nearly all children with spina bifida have Chiari II malformation.
• True or false: Children with Down syndrome have delayed equilibrium reactions.
• Which of the following is commonly coexisting with DCD?
• What is the typical endurance profile in children with Down syndrome?
• Which combination of shunt types is used in children with spina bifida who have hydrocephalus?
• Which method can enforce motor learning in kids with DCD?
• In children with Down syndrome, lack of which process leads to slow timing of movement?
• Stage 2 includes which of the following as a defining milestone?
• Which statement best describes differences in white matter architecture in DCD?
• In Down syndrome maternal serum testing, what happens to estriol and gonadotrophin levels?
• How can we maintain ankle dorsiflexion while prolonging ambulation?
• Which statement about cognitive function in children with spina bifida is accurate?
• Which brain region involvement is suggested in DCD?
• Which tool combinations are commonly used to screen for DCD?
• Not recognizing DCD in kids can lead to which consequence?
• Which race has the lowest incidence of spina bifida?
• The Egen classification scale is used to describe functional abilities of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and identifies which stages?
• Which description best matches the hands of many individuals with Down Syndrome?
• What might an overreactive vestibulo-proprioceptive dysfunction look like?
• How often should manual muscle testing (MMT) be assessed in kids with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Poor tactile discrimination leads to which consequences?
• In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, recognizable functional changes are often not seen.
• What is the average age of autism diagnosis?
• Motor disturbances in autism implicate involvement of which brain region?
• As a child with Down syndrome ages, therapy focus should shift to what?
• Which statement about chorionic villus sampling is true?
• Clinodactyly describes which toe feature?
• Which statement about stretching in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is true?
• Which functional sign may be affected by atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome?
• Which of the following is NOT a consequence of not recognizing DCD?
• Which statement about motor learning in kids with DCD is true?
• Which description best captures multi-sensory dormancy?
• Which statement is true about T12-L2 motor level impairments?
• Which of the following describes the intended functional outcome of serial casting in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Prednisone and Deflazacort are steroids used in which diagnosis?
• Which sequence accurately describes the typical progression of hip extensors, quadriceps, and dorsiflexors in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot commonly requires how many surgeries?
• To maximize success, how often should activities for children with DCD be chosen to ensure success?
• Which phase involves lower doses of chemotherapy to prevent disease relapse?
• In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which muscle group is typically affected first?
• Which sequence correctly lists the standard order of chemotherapy phases from first to last?
• Which stage of Winder's development is described by reaching in supine, hand to foot play in supine, bridging in supine, and prone propping?
• Which statement best describes motor development after atrial septal defect surgery?
• Which statement best describes which condition is NOT listed as associated with Down syndrome in the provided material?
• The stoplight program is used to identify delays and potential interventions in which population?
• Which two sensory systems are implicated in the dysfunctions described in this material?
• Gower's sign is a clinical feature observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
• Do 4-6 year olds with Duchenne muscular dystrophy typically experience a lot of fatigue?
• Which nutrient deficiency is listed as a risk factor for Down Syndrome?
• What is Stage 4 spina bifida?
• Which procedure involves removal and analysis of a small sample of fetal cells from amniotic fluid, typically performed at 14-18 weeks?
• Pull to stand is a milestone typically seen in which Winder stage?
• Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder must be present in which developmental period?
• Which goal relates to preserving joint range of motion in stage 4 spina bifida?
• Mean age in which kids with DMD need assisted ventilation is how old?
• Spina bifida results from nonfusion of which vertebral arches and defect in which closure, leading to protrusion of what?
• Is there long-term motor development restriction after Tetralogy of Fallot surgery?
• Which gender is more likely to have spina bifida?
• Which maternal age groups are listed as risk factors for Down Syndrome?
• The average age of autism diagnosis is approximately which of the following?
• In Developmental Coordination Disorder, which motor characteristic is commonly observed?
• By age 10, which three symptoms are typically seen?
• If a pregnant patient uses anticonvulsants, how does spina bifida risk change?
• Children with Down syndrome lack which type of extension (position)?
• A child with spina bifida presents with sudden increase in scoliosis, hypertonus/loss of LE function, change in gait pattern, change in bowel/bladder habits, and back/buttock pain. What is the concern?
• When do kids typically feel the worst after receiving chemotherapy?
• In Down syndrome maternal serum testing, is AFP typically decreased or increased?
• Which motor level function is described as 'Has hip flexors - needs bracing and an AD, and still relies on arms for support'?
• During which phase are higher doses of chemotherapy used to eliminate remaining cancer after initial response?
• What happens to muscle tissue in Duchenne muscular dystrophy over time?
• Scoliosis onset in DMD begins when?
• In teen kids with DMD, we want to maintain what hygiene?
• Which phase uses lower doses of chemotherapy to prevent relapse?
• Which Down Syndrome subtype occurs when one cell divides correctly and another divides incorrectly, resulting in some cells with 46 chromosomes and others with 47?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between Chiari II malformation and hydrocephalus?
• What is the biochemical cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Stage 5 spina bifida management encourages which of the following regarding physical activity?
• In Stage 4 spina bifida, which statement best describes function?
• Which level of autism is defined as 'requiring substantial support'?
• Dyspraxia may be a core feature of autism. True or False?
• People with Down Syndrome often have what kind of stature?
• The majority of children with Down syndrome and atlantoaxial instability are symptomatic.
• In stage 5 spina bifida management, which activity is recommended regarding skin care?
• In teens with DMD, standing is promoted for how long?
• Stretching is recommended for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy how many days per week?
• Which statement correctly describes the occiput and neck in Down Syndrome?
• Which of the following symptom sets best describes common signs of Tetralogy of Fallot?
• What is the description for Stage 1 spina bifida?
• Which statement best describes spinal curvature in children with spina bifida?
• Which intervention prolongs ambulation by about three years in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Ankle dorsiflexion is present in which motor level?
• In school-age children with Down syndrome, which area should be emphasized along with advanced gross motor skills?
• What is described as the treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in the notes?
• The threshold below which exercise is generally not advised due to WBC count is what?
• Adequate folic acid intake reduces risk of spina bifida. Which option best reflects this statement?
• What is the primary neck MSK concern in children with Down syndrome?
• In children with developmental coordination disorder, what should be rewarded rather than skill?
• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is cancer of which tissue?
• Which symptoms are associated with an atrial septal defect in a child?
• At what age do children with Down syndrome typically show slower gross motor skill development?
• A WBC count of 4,000 would contraindicate which level of activity?
• If platelet count is below 10,000, which activity is recommended?
• Spina bifida with lesion at T12 or higher typically presents with which type of bladder?
• Down syndrome is associated with a lack of which type of muscle recruitment?
• What is the goal of the induction phase of chemotherapy?
• What FMS level is described as independent on level surfaces, does not use walking aids or need help from another; Requires rail for stairs
• Incorporating divided attention into treatment of kids with DCD, what is the effect of triple task conditions?
• In many children with Down syndrome, which cognitive profile is typical?
• To promote appropriate behavior strategies in children with Down syndrome, you should ignore which type of behavior and reinforce which?
• Move from a plantar (plantigrade) position to standing occurs in which Winder stage?
• With DCD, do kids tend to engage in excess physical activity or avoid physical activity?
• What is Stage 3 spina bifida?
• Which visual deficits may be seen in children with Down syndrome?
• Which statement about hydrocephalus in spina bifida is correct?
• Which of the following best describes the core diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder?
• Which joints are most lax in children with Down syndrome?
• Which statement about sensory processing in Down syndrome is accurate?
• Kids with DCD often have difficulty _____ body positions.
• Why is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children beneficial for kids with autism?
• Which is included in pulmonary hygiene measures for teens with DMD?
• Which brain regions are most affected in Down syndrome?
• In syringomyelia, which region is typically affected?
• Which combination of visual and sensory features is most consistent with Down syndrome according to the material?
• What is the Vignos Lower Extremity assessment scale used for?
• During prop sitting, which combination should cueing aim to promote?
• Unable to sit independently at ___ months in Duchenne dystrophy development?
• Early weight-bearing on the lower extremities is a goal in which stage?
• What motor level function has hip flexors, adductors, knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, and toe extension; may still need AFO but likely no AD?
• Tenotomies in DMD may prolong ambulation for how long?
• Which device is used to support inspiratory training in this management approach?
• What is syringomyelia?
• Epicanthal folds in Down Syndrome are described as an extra crease in the eye.
• Should rehabilitation aim to preserve lower-extremity flexibility as much as possible in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• Which allergy is commonly seen in children with spina bifida that requires caution?
• If a patient has platelets of 25,000, which exercise modality is appropriate?
• Brainstem and cerebellum involvement in Down syndrome contributes to which condition?
• Stage 2 in Winder's development is best described by which sequence?
• Which term describes extreme fear and anxiety to vestibular sensations, with avoidance of feet off the ground or head-down positions?
• Which of the following is a common associated problem with spina bifida?
• Hypotonia is seen in conjunction with which two features in Down syndrome?
• Which stage in Winder's development includes 90/90 sitting and the short transfer (STS)?
• Which condition is most commonly associated with spina bifida and often requires management with a shunt?
• PUBS stands for which procedure?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for spina bifida in the material?
• Which sample is removed during amniocentesis?
• In neuroblastoma, does prognosis typically improve with older age at diagnosis?
• What are the goals of physical therapy for children with Down syndrome?
• What foot deformity is commonly seen in children with Down syndrome?
• For stage 2 spina bifida, which positioning is emphasized?
• Should children with Down syndrome and atlantoaxial instability participate in contact sports?
• Children with spina bifida often experience paresthesia or hypoesthesia that affects which aspect?
• DCD is associated with male prevalence and which perinatal factor?
• Which of the following best describes typical learning differences in children with Down syndrome?
• By 12 months, which sign may suggest autism?
• In stage 5 spina bifida, what should be re-evaluated to guide ongoing care?
• Spina bifida cystica is another term used for which condition?
• Which of the following is not typically described as a Down Syndrome physical characteristic?
• Strength in kids with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is described as increasing until age 7 and then declining to age 14. At what ages do these changes occur?
• In Down syndrome, which domains are commonly impacted?
• Which foods are rich in folic acid?
• Does autism affect more boys or girls?
• Which phase of chemotherapy uses high doses with the goal of achieving remission as quickly as possible?
• Which statement about spina bifida risk factors is most accurate?
• A patient with patent ductus arteriosus is likely to present with which signs?
• Which motor level is described as having hip flexors and adductors, knee extensors, and requires bracing and an AD, with reliance on arms?
• Which goal specifically aims to increase efficiency of movement, transitions, and weight bearing in stage 4 spina bifida?
• The North Star Ambulatory Assessment is used for functional assessment in which population?
• Winder's Stage 4 corresponds to which age range?
• What might an internal processing deficit mean in kids with DCD?
• Which ear characteristic is commonly described in individuals with Down Syndrome?
• What is the recommended activity level when hemoglobin is less than 8 g/dL?
• Iliopsoas tightness in Down syndrome is often due to which posture?
• What is Stage 2 spina bifida?
• Gait training on varied terrains is a management focus for which stage of spina bifida?
• We shouldn't exercise with a patient if their hemoglobin is under what value?
• Which factor contributes to slow timing of movement in Down syndrome?
• Which of the following is a subtype of Down Syndrome characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21 due to improper separation?
• When a child with Down syndrome sits in ring sitting, which combination of head posture, thoracic curve, and sacral position is typically observed?
• Stage 5 in Winder's development includes milestones such as cruising and walking. Which stage is this?
• Which statement best describes musculoskeletal risks in children with spina bifida?
• What is the average duration of treatment from initial diagnosis to cure or remission?
• Which statement best describes the brain regions involved in Down syndrome as being most affected?
• Mean age of needing assisted ventilation is around which age?
• DCD is a _____ based motor problem?
• Which sensory impairments might we see in children with Down syndrome?
• Nadir in chemotherapy context refers to which of the following?
• If a patient falls 8-10 times per day, KAFOs can prolong upright ability for about how long?
• Mean age in which kids with DMD become dependent on electric wheelchair is how old?
• Without supports in place, which statement best describes Level 1 autism?
• What is our role in Stage 3 spina bifida?
• Which combination of signs might you observe if a child with Down syndrome has symptomatic atlantoaxial instability?
• Surgery to fuse spine in DMD is needed for how large of a contracture?
• In Down syndrome, brain convolutions are described as:
• Rhabdomyosarcoma is best described as which type of cancer?